Publishing royalties are earned from the composition of a song, including lyrics and melody, and are paid to songwriters and publishers. Master royalties are generated from the actual recording of a song and are paid to the owner of the recording, typically the record label or the artist.

Factors influencing music royalties include streaming platform rates, distribution agreements, song popularity, licensing deals, performance frequency, geographical reach, copyright ownership, publishing rights, and the artist’s contract terms. Additionally, the type of usage (e.g., radio, TV, film) and the involvement of collection agencies can significantly impact the royalties received.

Performing Rights Organizations (PROs) collect and distribute royalties to songwriters, composers, and publishers when their music is publicly performed. They license music for radio, TV, venues, and digital platforms, ensuring creators receive compensation. PROs play a crucial role in managing rights and ensuring fair payment for music usage worldwide.

Black box music royalties are unclaimed or unidentified royalties collected by music rights organizations. They accumulate when the rightful owner cannot be determined. To claim them, artists or rights holders must register their works with performance rights organizations, provide proof of ownership, and regularly update their information to ensure accurate distribution.

International music royalties are payments to rights holders when their music is used abroad. They are collected by performance rights organizations (PROs) in each country, which track usage and distribute payments. Reciprocal agreements between PROs ensure artists receive royalties globally, covering performance, mechanical, and synchronization rights across various platforms.